Java interview questions with code examples for 3-5 years of experience:

Explain abstraction in Java and provide an example of abstract class:

// Abstract class 
abstract class Shape {
  abstract void draw();
}

//Inheriting abstract class
class Rectangle extends Shape {

  @Override
  void draw() {
    System.out.println("Drawing rectangle..."); 
  }
}

Questions:

• Why can we not instantiate the Shape class?
• Can we declare the abstract method as static or final?
• What is the purpose of abstract classes in Java?

---

Write a program to demonstrate checked and unchecked exceptions. Handle the exception using try/catch block:

import java.io.*;

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      File file = new File("test.txt");
      FileReader fr = new FileReader(file); 
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    String str = null;
    System.out.println(str.length()); //NullPointerException
  }
}

Questions:

• Which exception is checked and which one is unchecked here?
• What best practices should be followed for exception handling?
• Difference between throw and throws?

---

Explain inheritance in Java with an example:

class Animal {
  void eat() {
    System.out.println("Eating...");
  } 
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  void bark() {
    System.out.println("Barking...");
  }
}

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Dog d = new Dog();
    d.bark();
    d.eat();
  }
}

Questions:

• Can a class extend multiple classes in Java? Why?
• What is method overriding in inheritance?
• Difference between abstract classes and interfaces?